Mujer con diagnóstico de novo de espectro de neuromielitis óptica con anticuerpos para AQP4 positivo. Un Reporte de Caso
Woman with a novo diagnosis of optic neuromyelitis spectrum with antibodies to AQP4 positive. A Case Report.
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Introducción: Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 55 años de edad, con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, quien presentó un cuadro de deterioro visual bilateral de 2 meses de evolución, con posterior presencia de un síndrome motor y sensitivo del hemicuerpo derecho asociado a compromiso de tórax y abdomen; las imágenes de resonancia magnética (RM) de cerebro, orbitas, columna cervical y torácica simple y con medio de contraste mostraron una neuritis óptica bilateral severa, asociado a mielopatía cervical longitudinalmente extensa de carácter inflamatorio, hallazgos sugestivos de un espectro de neuromielitis óptica (NMO), por lo que se llevó a toma de punción lumbar que mostró un líquido cefalorraquideo (LCR) con pleocitosis neutrofílica, AQP4 positiva, glucosa y proteínas normales. Recibió manejo con corticoides a altas dosis asociado a plasmaféresis con mejoría parcial de los síntomas; posteriormente se dio de alta, para inicio de manejo inmunomodulador con Rituximab, de forma ambulatoria.
Objetivo: Describir un caso y las características clínicas generadas en una paciente con neuromielitis óptica, su diagnóstico, tratamiento, evolución y pronóstico.
Método: Se realizó una revisión de la historia clínica y extracción de datos previa firma de consentimiento informado, posteriormente se hizo una búsqueda de artículos de revisión bibliográfica en PubMed, SCIELO, ProQuest, usando descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCs) y términos MeSH: reportes de caso, publicaciones y revisiones. Se usaron artículos comprendidos entre 2006 al 2018.
Resultados: Se documentó la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico, evolución y tratamiento de acuerdo con el manejo dado.
Discusión: Al enfrentarnos a un cuadro de una paciente con neuromielitis óptica, podemos encontrar diferentes espectros clínicos, evolución y respuestas al tratamiento.
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